Composite pavement.



H. G. JENNISON.

COMPOSITE PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN, 17, 1 910.

995,147, Q Patented June 13,1911.

FIE-DE 814420 wi o'v HARRY G/JENNISON, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

comrosrrn PAVEMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jung 13, 191]; I

Applicatioxr filed January 17, 1910. Serial No. 538,348.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY G. JnNNIsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, Lucas county, Ohio, have invented new and useful Composite Pavements, of

which the following is a specification. I

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in paving.

This invention has utility when embodied in and applied to composite pavements com prising separate layers of road metal and binder. v

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a transverse section of a roadway showing 15.. an embodiment of the invention; and Fig.

2 is a fragmentary sectional view, on an,

enlarged scale of the roadway shown in Fig. 1.

A road 1 1s shown as having filling 2 111 which are set the. curbing and gutters 3 along each side of the way roper. The portion of the Way 4, interme iate the gut ters is'prepared by leveling and rolling to provide a uniform footing or subgrade.

Upon this sub-grade 4 is applied the regular base 5 to provide an irregular or rough upper surface. The base in this instance is shown as comprising broken stone, although concrete or other form of base may be used.

In practice it is de irable to have this stone grade say two and one-half inches and applied for a depth ofsay six inches. This compacted base is coated wit-h a hydrocar- 'bon layer 6 which may be of a viscosity to permit of ready applying as a coating, but of such sluggish fiow or normal consistency as to not .penetrate into lower voids. Over this binding layer 6 is distributed a layer of road metal 7 shown as of graded stone which is firmly anchored in position as to the base 5 by the binder 6. The coating 6 is of an adhesive nature and coacts with the irregular surface of the base and the applied layer 7 to insurers. firm anchoring of the pavement against buckling or relative loosening of the-layers by creeping action. This layer 7 in practice may run up to two and one-half inches in thickness and comprise about two inch stoneor a grade somewhat smaller than that of the base I). This course 7 is the regular wearing layer and after being slightly compacted is coated with a layer of hydrocarbon binder 8 to resist weathering attacks and form an effective waterproof coating for the wearing course i binders. I I w more sparingly applied in practice, being and base. In practice it is often desirable to have this binder of considerable consist ency, somewhat more so than the binder 6.

As thus protected the binder 6 may be of.

- stone may run say one-half inch. The Wearing course comprising these layers 7 and f) with the intermediate waterproof binder 8 is thus brought to an approximate level by rolling or compacting and the way is ready for the sealing course. The sealing course includes a heavy hydrocarbon binder 10 disposed over the lending course 9, and over this binder 10, a course of graded stone 11. In practice the course 11 runs about the same as course 9. The way is then compacted.

To finish the way, a course 12 of road metal, running in practice say close to the grade of screenings is distributed over the course 11 and topped ofl by a hydrocarbon binder or oil coating 13. These graded layers of road metal are shown as clean, uniform run's which, laid together, produce a firm level top pavement. As the layers 5, 7 and 9 are compacted before applying the layers 6, 8 and 10, 'a minimum of hydro carbon is required. This hydrocarbon binder 13 may in practice be desirable of a fluidity even greater than that of binder 6, which bin er 6 is more fluidt-han the binders 8 and 10. The fluidity of binder 13 permits of its ready application without heating so that it freely distributes itself over the screening course 12 to cause this course to quickly unite with course 11. This binder 13, while sparingly applied, may even work down to the binder 10 and act as a solvent to more firmly unite these finish layers of the pavement.

. In applying the binder layers, the amount.

is varied according to weather conditions. It

is not the purpose of these binders to fill the voids but merely to firmly anchor the various 'layers of material. The rough up per surface of the base 5 is coated with suffieicnt of the binder 6 that the wearing course 7 may be anchored thereto against any creeping. The compacting of the layers effects a slight permeation thereof into the The binders S and 10 are even of greater consistency and distributed hot, but are continuous to provide a waterproof coat. The finishwith the thin hydrocarbon 13 results in an early cementing or union of the surface materials of the roadway to maintain the elements of the layers in their proper level relation from the time the pavement was built.

greater advantage of this form of pavement is the ease with which it may be laid, requiring no special or expensive installation and thus being susceptible for building any quantity of roadway economically. The materials are firmly united by the alternating layers to resist attack from wear, while the waterproofing is a further protection against weather influences. In conjunction with these points of merit there is the additional feature of cementing the finishing course to this laminated way. The great preponderance of road metal eliminates pos sibility of any breaking through of the layers or floating of the road metal on the hydrdcarbon binder, thus insuring against hydrocarbon oozing out to the surface of the: way to cling to the vehicles and thereby war disintegration of the way to draw out portions of the road metal.

What is claimed and it is desired to se cure by Letters Patent is: x

1. The combination in a pavement of a base, a hydrocarbon binder thereon, a Wearing layer wholly of road metal anchored by said binder, said layer having unfilled voids, and a hydrocarbonbinder covering said road metal layer and spaced from sa d anchor hinder, the quantity of binder being said road metal layers, said binders only providing continuous holding means between said layers whereby the unfilled void carrying wearing layeris eii'ective to space the binding layers.

3. The. combination in a pavement of a plurality of layers ofbroken stone having hydrocarbon binder between the layers, the quantity of binder being gaged to preserve cushioning effect inthe broken stone due to said broken stone having unfilled voids therein, the hydrocarbon binder being efi'eo tive to serve only as a binder.

In testimony whereof I aitix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HARRY G. JENNISOI? Witnesses:

' GEO. E. KIRK,

GLADYS JAMESON.

Copies of this patent: may be attained for five" cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D; G. 

